Saliva and Salivary Glands

The Functions of Saliva

Your body produces up to 1.5 liters of saliva every day, and it's constantly at work performing several essential functions:

• Protection: Saliva acts as a buffer, neutralizing acids produced by plaque bacteria after you eat. This helps to protect your tooth enamel from decay. It also contains important minerals like calcium and phosphate that help to remineralize and strengthen your teeth.
• Cleaning: It helps to wash away food particles and debris from your teeth and gums, reducing the amount of plaque that can form.
• Digestion: Saliva contains enzymes, like amylase, that begin the process of breaking down starches in your food before it even reaches your stomach.
• Lubrication: It moistens food, making it easier to chew and swallow. It also lubricates your mouth, making it possible to speak comfortably.
• Antibacterial Action: Saliva contains antibodies and enzymes that help to control the growth of harmful bacteria in the mouth.

The Major Salivary Glands

Saliva is produced by three pairs of major salivary glands located around your mouth and jaw:

• Parotid Glands: The largest glands, located inside your cheeks, just in front of your ears.
• Submandibular Glands: Located on the floor of your mouth, beneath your jawbone.
• Sublingual Glands: The smallest of the major glands, found under your tongue.

Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)

When your salivary glands don't produce enough saliva, it results in a condition called dry mouth, or xerostomia. This is a common side effect of many medications and can also be caused by certain medical conditions. A chronic lack of saliva significantly increases the risk of tooth decay and gum disease, making it an important issue to discuss with your dentist.